Contingencies of Self-Worth, Motivation, and Well-Being

*=mentored student

Park, L. E., *Ward, D. E., Naragon-Gainey, K., Fujita, K., & *Koefler, N. (2024). I’m still spending: Financial contingency of self-worth predicts financial motivational conflict and compulsive buying. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 50(2), 2232-252. PDF

Park, L. E., *Naidu, E., Lemay, E.P., Canning, E.A., *Ward, D.E., *Panlilio, Z.A., & *Vessels, V. (2023). Social evaluative threat across individual, relational, and collective selves. In B. Gawronski (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol.68, pp.139-199). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. PDF

Park, L. E., Lin, G-X, *Chang, Y., *O’Brien, C., & Ward, D. E. (2022). Burning the candle at both ends: The role of financial contingency of self-worth and work-family conflict on job and parental well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 199, 1-6. PDF

*Ward, D. E., Park, L. E., Walsh, C., Naragon-Gainey, K., *Paravati, E., & Whillans, A. V.  (2021). For the love of money: The influence of financially contingent self-worth in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(4), 1303-1328. PDF

Park, L. E., *Jung, H., Lee, K. S., *Ward, D. E., Piff, P. K., Whillans, A.V., & Naragon-Gainey, K. (2021). Psychological pathways linking income inequality in adolescence to well-being in adulthood. Self and Identity, 20(8), 982-1014. PDF

*Ward, D.E.,  Park, L.E., Naragon-Gainey, K., Whillans, A.V., & Jung, H. (2020). Can’t buy me love (or friendship). Social consequences of financially contingent self-worth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46, 1665-1681. PDF

Park, L. E., *Ward, D. E., & Naragon-Gainey, K. (2017).  It’s all about the money (for some): Consequences of financially contingent self-worth.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 601-622.  PDF

Park, L. E., & Crocker, J. (2013).  Pursuing self-esteem: Implications for self-regulation and relationships.  In V. Zeigler-Hill (Ed.), Current Issues in Social Psychology: Self-Esteem, 43-59.  New York: Psychology Press.

Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2012).  Contingencies of self-worth.  In M. Leary & J. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity, 2^nd Edition.  New York: Guilford Press.

Park, L. E., Sanchez, D. T., & Brynildsen, K. (2011).  Maladaptive responses to romantic breakup: The role of relationship contingent self-worth.  Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 1749-1773. PDF

Park, L. E. (2010).  Responses to self-threat: Linking self and relational constructs with approach and avoidance motivation.  Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 201-221.  PDF

Park, L. E., & Maner, J. K. (2009).  Does self-threat promote social connection?  The role of self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 203-217.  PDF

Park, L. E., & Crocker, J. (2008).  Contingencies of self-worth and responses to negative interpersonal feedback. Self and Identity, 7, 184-203. PDF

Park, L. E. (2008).  Self-esteem.  In N. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology, Vol. II (pp. 895-898). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  PDF

Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Kiefer, A. K. (2007).  Contingencies of self-worth, academic failure, and goal pursuit.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1503-1517. PDF

Christopher, A. N., Lasane, T. P., *Troisi, J. D., & Park, L. E. (2007).  Materialism, defensive and assertive self-presentational styles, and life satisfaction.  Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 1146-1163.  PDF

Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Vohs, K. D. (2006).  Contingencies of self-worth and self-validation goals:  Implications for close relationships.  In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.) Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes, 84-103.  New York: Guilford Press.  PDF

Park, L. E., & Crocker, J. (2005).  Interpersonal consequences of seeking self-esteem.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 1587-1598.  PDF

Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Mickelson, K. D. (2004).  Attachment styles and contingencies of self-worth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1243-1254.  PDF

Crocker, J., & Park, L.E. (2004a). The costly pursuit of self-esteem.  Psychological Bulletin, 130, 392–414.  PDF

Crocker, J., & Park, L.E. (2004b).  Reaping the benefits of pursuing self-esteem without the costs?  Response to comments on Crocker and Park (2004). Psychological Bulletin, 130, 430-434.  PDF

Crocker, J., Lee, S. J., & Park, L. E. (2004).  The pursuit of self-esteem: Implications for good and evil. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil, 271-302.  New York: Guilford Press. PDF

Crocker, J., & Park, L. E. (2003). Seeking self-esteem: Construction, maintenance, and protection of self-worth.  In M. Leary & J. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity, 291-313. New York: Guilford Press.  PDF 

Broadening Participation of Underrepresented Groups

Park, L. E., Eastwick, P. W., *Young, A. F., *Troisi, J. D., & *Streamer, L. (2016).  Desirable but not smart: Preference for smarter romantic partners impairs women’s STEM outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46, 158-179. PDF 

Park, L. E., *Young, A. F., *Troisi, J. D., & Pinkus, R. T. (2011).  Effects of everyday romantic goal pursuit on women’s attitudes toward math and science. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1259-1273.  PDF

Park, L. E., Cook, K. E., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001; 1^st place, Psi Chi/J. P. Guilford National Undergraduate Research Award).  Implicit indicators of women’s persistence in math, science, and engineering.  Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research, 6 (4), 145-152. PDF

Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity

Bowker, J. C., Thomas, K. K., Spencer, S. V., & Park, L. E. (2013).  Examining appearance-based rejection sensitivity during early adolescence.  Journal for Research on Adolescence, 23, 375-388.  PDF

Park, L. E., Calogero, R. M., *Young, A. F., & *DiRaddo, A. (2010). Appearance-based rejection sensitivity predicts body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and cosmetic surgery acceptance.  Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29 (5), 489-509. PDF

Park, L. E., & *Harwin, M. J. (2010). Visible vs. non-visible rejection: Consequences of appearance-based rejection sensitivity.  Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 128-132. PDF

Calogero, R. M., Park, L. E., Rahemtulla, Z. R., & Williams, K. C. D. (2010).  Predicting excessive body image concerns among British university students: The unique role of appearance-based rejection sensitivity.  Body Image, 7, 78-81. PDF

Calogero, R. M., Pina, A., Park, L. E., & Rahemtulla, Z. (2010). Sexual and self-objectification predict college women’s cosmetic surgery attitudes. Sex Roles, 63, 32-41.  PDF

Park, L. E., Calogero, R. M., *Harwin, M. J., & *DiRaddo, A. (2009).  Predicting interest in cosmetic surgery: Interactive effects of appearance-based rejection sensitivity and negative appearance comments.  Body Image, 6, 186-193.  PDF

Park, L. E., *DiRaddo, A., & Calogero, R. (2009).  Sociocultural influence and appearance-based rejection sensitivity among college students.  Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 108-119.  PDF

Park, L. E., & Pinkus, R. T. (2009). Interpersonal effects of appearance-based rejection sensitivity.  Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 602-612. PDF

Park, L. E. (2007).  Appearance-based rejection sensitivity: Implications for mental and physical health, affect, and motivation.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 490-504.  PDF

Lay Beliefs about Happiness

Park, L. E., Fujita, K., Naragon-Gainey, K., *Radsvick, T., *Jung, H., *Xia, J., *Ward, D. E., *Paravati, E., *Weng, J., *Italiano, A., & *Valvo, A. (2023). Happiness – to enjoy now or later? Consequences of delaying happiness and living in the moment beliefs. Emotion, 23(1), 138-162. PDF

Other Publications 

Park, L.E., Aknin, L.B., Gaither, S.E., Impett, E.A., & Whillans, A.V. (2024). Starting and sustaining fruitful collaborations in psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 18(4), 1-16. PDF

Park, L. E., *Ward, D. E., *Jung, H., & *Weng, J. (2024). Perceived social mobility and system justification predict greater well-being but less prosocial behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 54(4), 859-877 . PDF

Park, L. E., *Italiano, A., & *Vessels, V. (2023). Managers’ frequent displays of busyness predict employees’ job disengagement, burnout, and turnover intentions. International Journal of Social Psychology, 1-48. PDF

Schaerer, M., du Plessis, C., Nguyen, M., van Aert, R.C.M., Tiokhin, L., Lakens, D., Clemente, E., Pfeiffer, T., Dreber, A., Magnus Johannesson, M., Clark, C.J., Uhlmann, E.L., & Gender Audits Forecasting Collaboration (2023). On the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 179, 104280.

Park, L. E., *Young, A. F., & Eastwick, P. W. (2015). (Psychological) distance makes the heart grow fonder: Effects of psychological distance and relative intelligence on men’s attraction to women.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1459-1473.  PDF

Park, L. E., *Streamer, L., Huang, L., & Galinsky, A. D. (2013).  Stand tall, but don’t put your feet up: Universal and culturally-specific effects of expansive postures on power.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 965-971. PDF

Park, L. E., *Troisi, J. D., & Maner, J. K. (2011).  Egoistic versus altruistic concerns in communal relationships.  Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 315-335. PDF