LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying the on-line histology videos, on-line lecture notes and participating in the in-class session, students will be able to:
- Identify the appearance and describe the function of specific ovarian follicles throughout ovulation (primordial follicle, Graafian follicle and corpus luteum)
- Identify the locations within the ovary where ovarian tumors arise (germ cells, stroma and ovarian epithelium)
- Identify and describe the function of the microanatomy of the fallopian tube and how it facilitates passage of the oocyte or fertilized egg and assists in spermatic function
- Identify on a diagram the various segments of the fallopian tube including the fimbriated end (infundibulum), ampulla, isthmus and intramural portions.
- Identify smooth muscle within the myometrium of the uterus where leiomyomas originate
- Describe the roles of the basalis and functionalis layers of the endometrium of the uterus and the changes in microscopic appearance of the functionalis layer before and after ovulation (proliferative and secretory endometrium)
- Identify the cellular components of the transformation zone of the cervix and endocervical canal and explain their significance in the development of cervical cancer
- Describe the microanatomy of the vaginal wall including the stratified squamous epithelium of the mucosa and the muscularis layers
- Identify and describe the microanatomy of the breast including connective tissue, adipose tissue, ductal system and mammary glands with lobes containing lobules.
- Explain how the breast microanatomy changes during pregnancy including development of alveoli which produce colostrum and milk.
- Describe the histological appearance and the basic cell types (cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts) that make up the placenta
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HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY
KEY TERMS:
| Germinal Epithelium | Primary Follicle | Cumulus Oophorus | Antrum | |
| Tunica Albuginea | Secondary Follicle | Oocyte | ||
| Stromal Cells | Granulosa Cells | Liquor Folliculi | ||
| Primordial Follicle | Mature (Graafian) Follicle | Theca Externa | ||
| Zona Pellucida | Corona Radiata | Theca Interna |
HISTOLOGY OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM
KEY TERMS:
| Corpus Luteum | Theca Lutein Cells (Androstenedione) | Granulosa Lutein Cells (Estrogen & Progesterone) | Corpus Albicans |
HISTOLOGY OF THE OVIDUCT (FALLOPIAN TUBES)
KEY TERMS:
| Serosa | Muscularis (outer longitudinal & inner circular layers) | Mucosal Folds | Ciliated Cells | Non-Ciliated "Peg" Cells |
| Ampulla Region |
HISTOLOGY OF THE UTERUS
KEY TERMS:
| Serosa/Adventitia | Perimetrium | Myometrium | Endometrium | Spiral Artery |
| Stratum basalis (basal layer) | stratum functionalis (functional layer) | uterine glands |
HISTOLOGY OF THE CERVIX
KEY TERMS:
| Cervical Wall | Endocervix (Lumen) | Cervical Mucosa (simple columnar epithelium) | Branched Glands (mucus-secreting) |
HISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINA
KEY TERMS:
| Muscosa (non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) | Epithelial cells (contain glycogen granules) | Lamina Propria | Muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal) | Adventitia |
HISTOLOGY OF THE PLACENTA
KEY TERMS:
Syncytiotrophoblast, Cytotrophoblast, Mesenchymal Connective Tissue Cells, Decidua Basalis, Blood Placental Barrier
HISTOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS
KEY TERMS:
| Colostrum | Breast milk | Apocrine Secretion (milk lipids) | Merocrine Secretion (milk proteins) | Plasma Cells (antibodies) |
| Intralobular duct | Interlobular Duct |