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The Slippery Slope: More Than Just a Metaphor

You’ve probably heard it a million times: “If we allow this, what’s next?” It’s the classic slippery slope argument. Though the policy in question would be fine on its own, they worry that it would lead people to support more extreme (and, implicitly, undesirable) policies in the future.

Whether it’s about healthcare, gun laws, or even what kind of vegetables the government can make you buy (shoutout to Justice Scalia’s infamous broccoli comment), someone’s always warning that one small policy change is just the beginning of a radical transformation.

In our paper, we show that there’s a pretty solid logic to this. Slippery slope dynamics aren’t just scare tactics—they can happen, thanks to how we learn from policies. When people experience a reform firsthand—like getting health insurance under the ACA—they often change their minds about how valuable that policy is. That can lead them to support even more ambitious reforms later. Once people taste something that works, they might want more.

Our analysis is centered on a model of public goods provision where agents differ by income and information. Poorer citizens favor more government spending, while richer ones prefer less. Complicating matters, many voters are misinformed about the benefits of public programs, often undervaluing reforms due to skepticism. But when exposed to these policies firsthand, voters can learn and update their beliefs, gradually shifting political support in favor of more ambitious reforms. This feedback loop—moderate policy enabling greater public support for future reform—illustrates the “slippery slope” in action.

Interestingly, sophisticated political agents may anticipate these dynamics and attempt to influence the trajectory. For example, informed wealthy voters, knowing that a moderate policy could lead to bolder reforms later, may strategically support a watered-down version to avoid empowering future change. Conversely, misinformed but strategic voters may push for exaggerated reforms not because they believe in them, but to provoke disillusionment and “teach a lesson,” leading to eventual rollback. Both strategies hinge on the voters’ awareness of how policy experience shapes public attitudes over time.

The paper also highlights how the prevalence of sophisticated agents—those who think ahead and understand the feedback dynamics—can destabilize policy consensus. When various factions anticipate how others will learn or react, it may lead to preference reversals and cycles where no stable majority can settle on a policy. This helps explain why some policy debates spiral or gridlock, despite seemingly clear public preferences.

Ultimately, the Politics of the Slippery Slope underscores that what might look like irrational fear or overreaction in political discourse is often rooted in strategic considerations. Policymakers aren’t just debating the immediate merits of a proposal—they’re anticipating how today’s changes could reshape the political terrain tomorrow. In a world where beliefs and preferences are shaped by experience, reform doesn’t just reflect politics—it creates it.


Author

Giri Parameswaran, Gabriel Sekeres, and Haya Goldblatt


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https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/732965

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