Preface

Part one. The origin of aphasic symptoms

• 1. The problem and the origin of symptoms in brain damage
  • a. Direct symptoms
    • i. Symptoms due to dedifferentiation of function
    • ii. Symptoms due to separation of an undamaged area from a damaged one
  • b. Indirect or depending symptoms
  • c. Symptoms due to catastrophic conditions
  • d. Symptoms due to fatigue and perseveration
• 2. The organismic approach to brain pathology in general
• 3. The organismic approach to aphasia
  • a. The purpose of language and the problem of meaning
  • b. Concrete and abstract language
  • c. The disturbances of language due to pathology
    • i. The significance of images for disturbed and normal language
    • ii. The aphasic symptom complexes as expression of dedifferentiation of language due to pathology
  • d. What can we learn from research on normal language for the interpretation of aphasic symptoms?
    • i. Significance of research in psychology of language
    • ii. Significance of research in philosophy of language
    • iii. Significance of research in linguistics
    • iv. Significance of research in child psychology
    • v. Some similarities between the development of language and defects in aphasics
  • e. The organismic approach to the problem of localization of language and language disturbances
• 4. Survey of the various forms of disturbance of language in pathology
  • a. Disturbances of language by impairment of abstract attitude
  • b. Rational and emotional language in pathology
  • c. Disturbances in finding of words
  • d. Disturbances of repetition of heard language
  • e. Disturbances of the expressive side of language
    • i. Dysarthria
    • ii. Motor aphasia
    • iii. The origin or paraphasia
    • iv. Central motor aphasia
    • v. Severe motor aphasia due to lesions in the temporal lobe
  • f. Disturbances of the receptive side of language
  • g. Disturbances of inner speech
  • h. Disturbances of “intelligence” in aphasic patients
  • i. Disturbances of reading and writing
  • j. Disturbances of the calculating capacity
  • k. Disturbances of gestures in aphasic patients
  • l. Disturbances of language in polyglot individuals with aphasia
  • m. Disturbances of musical performance
  • n. Nomenclature
  • o. Examination

Part 2. Case reports, pathologic anatomy, treatment

• 5. Pictures in which disturbances of the expressive side are in the foreground
  • a. Peripheral motor aphasia
  • b. Central motor aphasia
• 6. Pictures in which disturbances of the receptive side are in the foreground
  • a. Peripheral sensory aphasia
• 7. Central aphasia
• 8. Amnesic aphasia
• 9. Pictures of speech disturbances due to disturbances of non-language mental processes
  • a. The transcortical aphasias
    • i. Motor
    • ii. Sensory
    • iii. Mixed forms
    • iv. Echolalia
  • b. Other types of speech disturbances due to impairment of the non-language mental performances
• 10. Treatment
  • a. General remarks
  • b. Training of patients with motor speech defects
  • c. Training in disturbances of reading
  • d. Training in disturbances of writing
  • e. Treatment in disturbances of word finding

Concluding remarks

Bibliographies

Index